What are "protective factors" in social work assessment?

In social work assessment, protective factors refer to the characteristics, conditions, or resources that help mitigate risks and promote resilience among clients. These factors play a vital role in enhancing individuals' or families' capacities to cope with challenges and stressors. They can include personal strengths such as problem-solving skills, a supportive social network, stable relationships, or community resources that individuals can draw upon in times of need.

Identifying protective factors is crucial because it allows social workers to develop intervention strategies that build on these strengths. Focusing on what clients have that can support them leads to more empowering practices rather than solely emphasizing the risks or difficulties they face. This strengths-based approach helps to create a more comprehensive understanding of clients, guiding social workers in formulating effective, individualized plans for support and intervention.